Word frequency affects naming latency in Dutch when age of acquisition is controlled.

Morrison and Ellis (1995) claim that most evidence of frequency effects in word recognition is not genuine but an artefact of the age at which the words have been acquired. The finding that age of acquisition (AOA) has a reliable independent effect on word naming is replicated for the Dutch language. However, it is also shown that the effect of word frequency remains reliable with AOA controlled. A possible interpretation is that the English studies have been based on retrospective student ratings, whereas in the present study a more on-line measure of AOA was used

Tachistoscopic presentation of verbal stimuli for assessing cerebral dominance: Reliability data and some practical recommendations.

Reliability data point to rather high test-retest correlations (>.65) for VHF data with four- and live-letter words as stimuli, but replicate previous findings that the first test score correlates poorly with later test scores. The same results are obtained for accuracy and latency data, though small differences exist. All laterality indices lead to the same conclusions and have high intercorrelations. The point-biserial correlation coefficient is, however, a slightly more reliable index of naming latency than the mere difference between LVF and RVF. No such superiority is found for the indices based on accuracy data. The results also point to the need to present a sufficient number of stimuli before firm conclusions can be drawn

Individual analysis of laterality data

Graphical and statistical analyses are presented that allow one to check for an individual subject whether the performance during a session is stable. whether the difference between the left and the right visual half-field is significant. and whether the performance is uniform over different sessions. Analyses are given for accuracy data and for latency data. Though the analyses are described for a visual half-field experiment, they can easily be adapted for other laterality tasks

The failure to use gender information in parsing: A comment on van Berkum, Brown, and Hagoort (1999)

We critically review the empirical evidence published by van Berkum, Brown and Hagoort (1999a, 1999b) against syntax-first models of sentence parsing. According to van Berkum et al., discourse factors and word gender information are used instantaneously to guide the parser. First, we note that the density of the experimental trials (relative to fillers) and the slow presentation rate of the van Berkum et al. design seem likely to have elicited the use of tactics involving rapid re-analysis of the material. Second, we present new data from a questionnaire study showing that the grammatical gender information of a relative pronoun in Dutch is often completely ignored, even during the wrap-up at the end of the sentence

Single-digit and two-digit Arabic numerals address the same semantic number line

Many theories about human number representation stress the importance of a central semantic representation that includes the magnitude information of small integer numbers, and that is conceived as an abstract, compressed number line. However, thus far there has been little or no direct evidence that units and teens are represented on the same number line. In two masked priming experiments, we show that single-digit and two-digit Arabic numerals are equally well primed by an Arabic numeral with the same number of digits as by an equally distant Arabic numeral with a different number of digits (e.g. the priming effect of 7 on the target 9 is the same as the priming effect of Il on the target 9). The finding was obtained both with a number naming task and with a parity judgement task. This is in line with the hypothesis that units and teens are part of a continuous number line

Age and interhemispheric transfer time: A failure to replicate.

In a recent study with the Poffenberger paradigm, Brizzolara et al. reported longer estimates of interhemispheric transfer time (IHTT) for children aged 7 years than for adults. They interpreted this finding as evidence for incomplete functional maturity of the corpus callosum in young children. The present study was we were unable to replicate the age effect reported by Brizzolara et al. A closer look at the original study revealed that only 80 observations per child had been collected, which makes it probable that the larger IHTTs in 7-year-olds were caused by stimulus-response compatibility rather than by the lower efficiency of the corpus callosum during childhood years

The right visual field advantage and the optimal viewing position effect: On the relation between foveal and parafoveal word recognition

Recent developments on the optimal viewing position (OVP) effect suggest that it may be caused by the same factors that underlie the right visual field advantage in word recognition. This raises the question of the relationship between foveal and parafoveal word recognition. Three experiments are reported in which participants identified tachistoscopically presented words that were presented randomly in foveal and parafoveal vision. The results show that both the OVP effect and the right visual field advantage for word recognition are part of a larger extended OVP curve that has the shape of a Gaussian distribution with the mode shifted to the left of the center of the stimulus word. The shift of the distribution is a function of word length, but not of presentation duration; it is also slightly moderated by the information value of word beginning and word end

A short review of the history of the Belgian Psychological Society.

This review of the history of the Belgian Psychological Society was written on the occasion of the 50th anniversary. It includes a report of the conditions under which the Society was created. a summary of the first four years of working, and a sketch of the major developments that haven taken place since the foundation. The review also contains information about the presidents of the Society, the members, the honorary members, and the BPS journal Psychologica Belgica. Finally, there are sections on the national and international initiatives of the Society, and on the activities organized during the academic year 1996-1997

A validation study of the age-of-acquisition norms collected by Ghyselinck, De Moor, & Brysbaert

Ghyselinck, De Moor & Brysbaert (2000) collected age-of-acquisition (AoA) norms for 2,816 Dutch four- and five-letter nouns based on student ratings. To assess the validity of these ratings, we presented a sample of the words to children from kindergarten and the last year primary school. Overall, the validity data are in agreement with the rating data, so that the Ghyselinck ei al. measures can be used for further research on the effects of AoA. In addition, the rated AoA norms correlate with young children's actual spoken language use, as assessed on the basis of the CHILDES data base

Age-of-acquisition ratings for 2816 Dutch four- and five-letter nouns

Studies on object and word naming have shown that the age at which words are acquired is an important factor in processing times. Research on the issue in Dutch has been hampered by the fact that only teacher ratings were available about which words should be known by 6-year-olds. As a supplement to these teacher ratings, we conducted a large-scale study in which 558 students rated the agr-of-acquisition of 2816 four- and five-letter nouns. Reliability of the ratings is high, and correlations with word frequency and word imageability are in the same order as those reported for English